The citation guidelines outlined in The Chicago Manual of Style suggest that AI chatbots should be referenced as personal communication rather than a formal source.
This distinction arises from the fact that other individuals cannot access the unique interactions one has with an AI chatbot, even if they use identical prompts. Consequently, such conversations are deemed "non-retrievable data,".
The CMOS website recommends citing AI in footnotes or endnotes, akin to other sources, and including all pertinent details, such as the prompt's description and the access date. Alternatively, you may opt to cite AI in Chicago using parenthetical citations if you favor the author-date system.
Exclude AI chatbots from the bibliography or reference list. Given that personal communications are non-retrievable, they do not necessitate a full citation at the end of the paper. Instead, citations should be confined to footnotes, endnotes, or parenthetical citations.
Just like any other source in Chicago Style, whether AI-generated or not, it's essential to include a citation for each idea in your paper that isn't original to you. Ensure to include both note markers and parenthetical citations immediately after the relevant passage in your paper, irrespective of whether you're directly quoting or paraphrasing
The first time you cite AI/ChatGPT in Chicago style with a footnote or endnote, the note needs to include:
Example Footnote:
1 ChatGPT, response to “summarize the life of Genghis Khan,” July 19, 2023, OpenAI, https://chat.openai.com/chat.
Chat GPT stands in for "author" of the content, OpenAI (the developer/ company ) is the publisher and date is for when the text was generated and the URL is site where the AI can be found.
Subsequent notes beyond the first one can be abbreviated if they come from the same Al conversation. For this you only name the AL
Example subsequent footnote:
2 ChatGPT.
Exclude AI chatbots from the bibliography or reference list.
Chicago's author-date citation style serves as an alternative to parenthetical citations. In this approach, the citation includes the name of the AI chatbot instead of the author, along with the access date, enclosed within parentheses. Place the parentheses before punctuation marks like periods, semicolons, and commas, but after quotation marks if employed with a quote. CMOS advises mentioning the prompt in the text.
For example: "... based on an AI response to 'summarize the life of Genghis Khan' (ChatGPT, July 19, 2023)."
Similar footnote style, refrain from including AI in a bibliography or reference list unless you furnish a publicly accessible link (for instance, through a browser extension like ShareGPT or A.I. Archives).
When utilizing text generated by ChatGPT and similar tools in your work, it's imperative to give credit. However, for most writing purposes, a simple acknowledgment within the text suffices (e.g., "The subsequent recipe for pizza dough was generated by ChatGPT").
If the prompt hasn’t been included in the text, it can be included in the note:
1. ChatGPT, response to “Explain how to make pizza dough from common household ingredients,” OpenAI, March 7, 2023.
If you have made edits to the AI-generated text, indicate this either within the text or at the end of the note (for example, "edited for style and content").
“The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition.” FAQ; Citation, Documentation of Sources, The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition, https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/Documentation/faq0422.html. Accessed 14 Aug. 2024.
Ellis, Matt. “How to Cite Chatgpt and AI in Chicago Manual of Style.” How to Cite ChatGPT and AI in Chicago Manual of Style".| Grammarly Blog, Grammarly Blog, 24 July 2023, www.grammarly.com/blog/ai-citations-mla/.
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like DALL·E 2 require citation, similar to other sources of information. When citing images produced with AI assistance (such as DALL·E 2, Deep Dream Generator), it's important to acknowledge the AI's involvement in the work by crediting the source, as you would with other types of images.